THE DETERIORATION OF TIMBER MATERIAL IN TRADITIONAL MALAY HOUSE IN MALACCA

Abstract

This study explores the deterioration mechanisms affecting timber materials in traditional Malay houses in Malacca, Malaysia. These historic structures, predominantly constructed from high-quality tropical hardwoods, face various forms of damage driven by environmental factors, biological agents, and neglect. The investigation focused on three representative houses located in Kampung Morten, Kampung Duyong, and Kampung Durian Daun. Data collection involved observational surveys, defect documentation, and interviews with homeowners, revealing common decay types including termite infestation, fungal decay, surface weathering, and structural weakening. Analysis indicates that poor ventilation, elevated humidity levels, flooding, and insufficient preservation practices significantly accelerate timber degradation. The substantial impact of these factors underscores the vulnerability of these heritage buildings and highlights the lack of systematic conservation efforts. The findings emphasize the critical need for comprehensive preservation plans that incorporate improved ventilation strategies, moisture control, and active maintenance to mitigate decay processes. Furthermore, increasing occupant awareness about proper preservation techniques is essential to ensure long-term sustainability of these cultural assets. By providing an in-depth understanding of the causes and extent of timber deterioration, this research aims to inform and facilitate future conservation initiatives. Ultimately, the study advocates for integrated preservation approaches that combine structural, environmental, and educational measures to safeguard these traditional Malay houses, recognizing them as valuable elements of Malaysia’s cultural heritage

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